AT & C Losses stands for Aggregate Technical and
Commercial Losses. It is sum total of technical
losses in generation, transmission and distribution , commercial losses and
shortage due non realisation of total billed amount.
In India AT & C Losses is around 25% which is 10% more
than maximum tolerable limit. The States in Southern and Western India have comparatively
less AT & C Losses than the States in Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern
India.
|
Electrical
Systems and Voltage
|
Target
%
|
Max.
Tolerance %
|
|
Generation & EHV Transmission Voltage Level( ± 800 kV HVDC & 765kV)
|
0.05
|
1.00
|
|
Transmission and step down to sub-transmission voltage level (400 kV, 230/220 kV, 110
kV and 66kV AC)
|
150
|
3.00
|
|
Sub- Transmission and step down to Distribution voltage Level (33 kV & 11 kV)
|
2.25
|
4.50
|
|
Distribution Lines and Service connections (440 V & 230V)
|
4.00
|
7.00
|
|
Total Power Loss
|
8.25
|
15.50
|
How to
calculate AT & C Losses?
AT
& C Losses = [ (Total
Energy Input – Energy Realised )/ Total Input Energy]*100
Energy
Realised = Sale
of Energy * Collection
Efficiency
Collection
Efficiency = ( Revenue
realised from Consumers/ Energy amount
Billed to Consumers)*100
Technical Losses in
Distribution System
Most of
Technical and Commercial Losses occur in Distribution System. Lack of proper
Operation Voltage in Distribution System is major reason for higher technical losses
due to inherit properties of network. Poor Infrastructure has added the losses
in system. Factors other than this responsible for increased technical losses
are-
1) Lack of Renovation and modernisation
of the existing Sub transmission and Distribution Systems.
2) Overloading of feeders both HT and
LT.
3) Operation of Transformers on low
efficiency.
4) Poor maintenance and repair of
existing Distribution System.
5)Use of Obsolete technology.
Commercial Losses in
Distribution System
Commercial losses in Distribution System depends directly on metering and
billing efficiency. The factors responsible for increased commercial losses
are-
1) Use of Obsolete Meters.
2)Non-reading of Meters.
3) Incorrect reading of meters.
4) Meter mismanagement.
5) Direct Theft of electricity from LT
Lines.
6) Non availability of 100% consumers’
data in database.
7)Non billing of 100% consumers.
8) Non-paying of billed consumers.
Government
has launched programs to reduce the AT
& C Losses and increase revenue generation.
A)R-APDRP (Restructured
Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme).
This was
launched in 2008 for urban areas- towns
and cities with population of more than 30,000 (10,000 in case of special
category states). It was
designed for Reduction of AT&C losses at utility level
by 3 % per year for utilities having losses above 30% and by 1.5% per year
for utilities having losses below 30%.
B) IPDS ( Integrated Power Development Scheme)
This program was launched with the
objectives of Strengthening of
sub-transmission and distribution network in the urban areas and Metering of
distribution transformers /feeders / consumers in the urban areas. The scheme will help in reduction in AT&C losses;
establishment of IT enabled energy accounting / auditing system, improvement in
billed energy based on metered consumption and improvement in collection
efficiency.
C)DDUGJY( Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana)
This
program focuses on feeder separation (rural households & agricultural) and
strengthening of sub-transmission & distribution infrastructure including
metering at all levels in rural areas.
Nice blog..
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